A non-neurotoxic carbamate insecticide; acts as an insect growth regulator via juvenile hormone-like activity; inhibits terminal development of first instar and newly transformed second instar nymphs of Florida red scale (C. aonidum) at 0.0125% AI; reduces the colony size index of laboratory colonies of red imported fire ants (S. invicta) by 93.6-95.9% at 5 and 10 mg AI/colony at 8 weeks post-treatment; toxic to D. magna (LC50 = 0.5 mg a.s./L) and fish including O. mykiss, L. macrochirus, C. carpio, I. punctatus, and C. variegatus (LC50s = 0.66-1.5 mg a.s./L); not toxic to rats (LD50 = >10,000 mg/kg); an antagonist of α4β40-, α4β2-, α3β4-, and α3β2-containing rat nAChRs (IC50s = 3, 2.4, 1.8, and 7.6 μM, respectively) but not rat brain AChE (IC50 = >1,000 μM)