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Description
INDO/IDO1/indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an IFN-gamma-inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of tryptophan degradation. IDO is upregulated in many tumors and in dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Elevated tryptophan catabolism in these cells leads to tryptophan starvation of T cells, limiting T cell proliferation and activation. Therefore, IDO is considered an immunosuppresive molecule, and research studies have shown that upregulation of IDO is a mechanism of cancer immune evasion. The gastrointestinal stromal tumor drug, imatinib, was found to act, in part, by reducing IDO expression, resulting in increased CD8+ T cell activation and induction of apoptosis in regulatory T cells. In addition to its enzymatic activity, IDO was recently shown to have signaling capability through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that is phosphorylated by Fyn in response to TGF-beta. This leads to recruitment of SHP-1 and activatation of the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway.Synonyms: CD107B, IDO, INDO